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Point Breeze is one of the up-and-coming multicultural neighborhoods in South Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is from 25th Street to the west, Washington Avenue to the north, Broad Street to the east, and Mifflin Street to the south, although the sections between 18th Street and Broad Street. Southwest Center City lies to its north, and Passyunk Square lies to its east. Point Breeze is separated from Grays Ferry to the west by a CSX railway viaduct over 25th Street. It is a 15-minute walk to Rittenhouse square and just 2 subway stops from the athletic stadiums. ==History== According to historical maps, much of what is South Philadelphia including Point Breeze was still not yet developed and integrated into the rectilinear grid system by 1843 or later.〔(Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network )〕 "Point Breeze" was a point on the western side of the Schuylkill River approximately where the Passyunk Avenue bridge is today. It and the area across from it on the eastern side of the river were established as an area for oil refinery in the 1860s by Atlantic Petroleum Storage Company, later the Atlantic Refining Company. From this point, oil that had been drilled in Western Pennsylvania could be processed and then shipped down the Schuylkill, to the Delaware and out to sea.〔("A Petaled Rose Of Hell: Refineries, Fire Risk, And The New Geography Of Oil In Philadelphia’s Tidewater" ), "Hidden City Philadelphia"〕 The Avenue that connected the city proper to the east side of the river at Point Breeze had existed by 1808 as "Long Lane." 〔 In the mid to late 1800s development of Philadelphia continued westward from the Delaware River and southward from Market Street. Long Lane also began to be known as Point Breeze Avenue by 1895〔 and lent its name to the neighborhood that was to spring up here. "The earliest references to Point Breeze" as a neighborhood "date to 1895."〔("The place where you live: Point Breeze" ), ''South Philly Review'' October 7, 2004〕 The area was first settled by working-class European Jewish immigrants followed by Italian and Irish immigrants. In 1930s the neighborhood saw an influx of African Americans some of which were involved in The Great Migration escaping Jim Crow in the South and looking for work in the urban centers of the north. At this time the African American epicenter of Philadelphia was shifting from near Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church at 8th and Lombard to west of Broad.〔("Point Breeze" ), "The PhillyHistory Blog:Discoveries from the City Archives," August 5, 2010〕 Through the 1960s Point Breeze was reported to be a safe, clean, relatively integrated and self-sufficient neighborhood with a thriving business district along Point Breeze Avenue itself known to residents as "The Breeze." Racial tensions, fear of race riots and white flight in the 1960s and '70s saw many businesses move away and shifted the demographics of the neighborhood to mostly African American. The heroin epidemic of the 70's and crack epidemic of the '90s and its related crime also affected Point Breeze. Between 1988 and 1990 the Philadelphia Police department performed a series of raids in Point Breeze effectively shutting down the Carr family drug ring which reportedly had been selling $1.3 million per year in crack, cocaine and prescription drugs.〔("House Is Seized, Sealed As Site Of Open Drug Sales" ), "The Philadelphia Inquirer," June 29, 1989〕〔("This Drug Operation, Police Say, Was A Family Affair" ), "The Philadelphia Inquirer," July 9, 1989〕〔("Alleged Drug Family Raided" ), "The Philadelphia Inquirer," March 9, 1990〕 The Point Breeze Performing Arts Center opened in 1984 on Point Breeze Avenue.〔("Neighborhood: Point Breeze" ), "Center City District + Central Philadelphia Development Corporation"〕 Point Breeze lost approximately 10% of its population from 1990 through 2000.〔("Community Profile: Point Breeze ), "South Philly Review"]〕 Despite this, in the 90's some revitalization efforts have taken place through such organizations as South Philadelphia H.O.M.E.S. and Universal Companies, owned by Kenny Gamble, whom helped build low income housing and schools in the area. Immigrants from Southeast Asia have also moved into Point Breeze in the '90s and 2000s. For example, in the 2000 census Point Breeze contained the highest concentration of Vietnamese in the entire city; over 900 Vietnamese people making up almost 12% of the population of Point Breeze.〔("Recent Trends in Immigration to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Who came and where do they live?" ), "Pennsylvania University Arts & Sciences Fels Institute of Government," Christopher Patusky & Johnny Ceffalio, August 2004, p. 29〕 In the 2000s and beyond Point Breeze has shown further revitalization partially due to gentrification. Real estate investors like John Longacre and Ori Feibush have begun developing property in Point Breeze, especially along the Broad Street and Washington Avenue corridors.〔("American Sardine Bar’s John Longacre: It’s Not About Race and Class" ), "Philadelphia Magazine," May 20, 2013〕 The George W. Childs School, David Landreth School, Marine Corps Supply Activity, Delaplaine McDaniel School, Jeremiah Nichols School, Walter George Smith School, and the former Francis M. Drexel School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Point Breeze, Philadelphia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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